Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Sentences with Interrogative Elements Are Not Questions

Sentences with Interrogative Elements Are Not Questions Sentences with Interrogative Elements Are Not Questions Sentences with Interrogative Elements Are Not Questions By Mark Nichol Writers sometimes erroneously assume that when a statement includes a phrase beginning with who, what, when, where, why, or how (or what or which), it should be treated as an interrogative, or question. However, whether the sentence should be punctuated with a question mark depends on how a verb is juxtaposed with the interrogative word and how the sentence is otherwise structured. Each of the sentences below is incorrectly treated as a question. Discussion after each example describes the problem, and a revision solves it. 1. It is essential to ask why organizations have vendors, and how organizations get those vendors set up? This sentence is declarative, not interrogative, so a period should replace the question mark. However, the two key phrases in it can be converted to questions by inserting a verb after each of the interrogative words and posing the resultant questions as if they were being quoted: â€Å"It is essential to ask, ‘Why do organizations have vendors?† and ‘How can organizations get those vendors set up?’† 2. One has to question how is any award that includes  the words â€Å"Best Female† still a thing? To convert the sentence to a declarative statement, is must be relocated to precede â€Å"still a thing†: â€Å"One has to question how any award that includes  the words ‘Best Female’ is still a thing.† To enable it to function as a question, the sentence must be restructured so that the interrogative core is established as a conjectural quotation within a declarative statement: â€Å"One has to ask the question ‘How is any award that includes  the words â€Å"Best Female† still a thing?’† 3. We must prioritize and clearly identify what are these top infrastructure issues and make a meaningful decision about where do we spend the money as it relates to infrastructure? Just as with the previous example, the form of the verb â€Å"to be† must be moved: â€Å"We must prioritize and clearly identify what these top infrastructure issues are and make a meaningful decision about where we spend the money as it relates to infrastructure.† To enable the questions embedded in this sentence to function as interrogatives, the statement must be heavily revised and subdivided to isolate them: â€Å"What are these top infrastructure issues? Where do we spend the money as it relates to infrastructure? We must prioritize and clearly identify problems to answer the first question and make a meaningful decision about the second one.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Types of Languageâ€Å"As Well As† Does Not Mean â€Å"And†Preposition Review #1: Chance of vs. Chance for

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Free Essays on Discipline Plan

When I attended Mr. Hutton’s computer class it was very colorful and organized. He told me that at the beginning of the school year he had the students line up and them assigned them computers by numbers. He each computer had a number, then each student was given a number. His rules were posted on the closest door on a bright colorful poster. They were to the point and not drawn out. I think that they applied to all grades and at all times. Students were not allowed to call out in class; they had to stay in their seats unless they asked first. And they were not allowed to touch anyone else’s computer. They had to follow Mr. Hutton’s directions and raise their hands when they had a question. I thought that all of his rules made sense and wouldn’t confuse the children. I used his chart for the bases of my discipline plan. By reading Cantar’s Book of Discipline I have also learned that the â€Å"Rules of the Classroom† should be direct and to the point. You should not mix academic rules with behavioral rules; this would confuse the children on their conditions. Sometimes academic problems are out of their hands. On the first day of class I would ask the children what kind of rules they think would help them learn, hopefully by having them participate in making this list they would understand them better. Young children often need inicative in order to follow rules or to do a task. That is why a rewards system is so important. It gives them a reason to behave and follow directions. I think that I would have a chart with all of the student’s names on it in different colors. I would make it a bright and pretty poster and hang it on the wall so they could always see it. Then each day I would give out checks ( ) to individual students, if the student got five checks ( ) a day then they would get a star on the Rewards Chart. After getting ten stars they would be excused from doing their homework for that night... Free Essays on Discipline Plan Free Essays on Discipline Plan When I attended Mr. Hutton’s computer class it was very colorful and organized. He told me that at the beginning of the school year he had the students line up and them assigned them computers by numbers. He each computer had a number, then each student was given a number. His rules were posted on the closest door on a bright colorful poster. They were to the point and not drawn out. I think that they applied to all grades and at all times. Students were not allowed to call out in class; they had to stay in their seats unless they asked first. And they were not allowed to touch anyone else’s computer. They had to follow Mr. Hutton’s directions and raise their hands when they had a question. I thought that all of his rules made sense and wouldn’t confuse the children. I used his chart for the bases of my discipline plan. By reading Cantar’s Book of Discipline I have also learned that the â€Å"Rules of the Classroom† should be direct and to the point. You should not mix academic rules with behavioral rules; this would confuse the children on their conditions. Sometimes academic problems are out of their hands. On the first day of class I would ask the children what kind of rules they think would help them learn, hopefully by having them participate in making this list they would understand them better. Young children often need inicative in order to follow rules or to do a task. That is why a rewards system is so important. It gives them a reason to behave and follow directions. I think that I would have a chart with all of the student’s names on it in different colors. I would make it a bright and pretty poster and hang it on the wall so they could always see it. Then each day I would give out checks ( ) to individual students, if the student got five checks ( ) a day then they would get a star on the Rewards Chart. After getting ten stars they would be excused from doing their homework for that night...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Re-write of Curriculum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Re-write of Curriculum - Essay Example The element of time contributed to the great success of the workshop. Teaching the workshop in a five-day intensive allowed me to present the information in a more thorough and I believe cohesive way. I feel that the set up of the workshop, being intensive, created an outlet which allowed the participants to leave behind their â€Å"normal life† and delve into this process of yoga and leadership. The participants came ready and expecting this type of process to happen. They showed enthusiasm and eagerness to learn as much as they can during this five-day immersion in yoga and the Integrated Yogic Leadership Model. Because they had the same purpose, an instant connection was formed amongst the participants that greatly contributed to the development of a peaceful and harmonious relationship within the group. I feel that this five-day intensive workshop gave enough time for students to walk away from the mundane cares of the world, to listen and learn of new tools to support the m on their journey to becoming a leader. At the end of the workshop they returned to their own worlds confident and renewed, armed with a new perspective on leadership. To better understand the curriculum I will describe each day’s intention and briefly explain the experiences. Again, referring to the section of Emerging Adults where I explained the importance of highly experiential exercises for this age group. This five-day intensive workshop was held on June 6-10, 2010 at Kripalu Center for Yoga & Health, the largest holistic retreat center in North America. This group of 19 emerging adults gathered to delve into this curriculum. Throughout the entire workshop the participants would go through an experiential exercise then move into a dyad or triad share and then come back to the larger group and have a group share. The sessions were: morning session 8:30-11:30am; afternoon session 1:30-4:00. Yoga sessions were scheduled in the afternoons at 4:15-5:45 and in the

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Group characteristics and development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Group characteristics and development - Essay Example Along with it, in the content of selected information some relevant information like the problem related discussion, facts and figures of already occurred problems, reasons for the occurrence of the problem, relevant solutions information to solve the problem were searched. Also, some information was searched on how to force young under aged drivers from not being able to get license so that they can be protected from danger. Some other sources were like the police record related to number of cases that occurred because of alcohol related drunken driving. The sources would be able to tell us the number of such cases occurred because of reasons like under age driving, youths’ returning from after party in a drunken state. Such information is crucial in forming a constructive discussion on the selected topic. The group discussion topic about what can be done to reduce the incidence of alcohol-related automobile accidents is a very relevant topic in the present context. The summa ry form discussion on the topic at the time of group discussion will help the entire group to understand the relevance of the topic. Also, it will create awareness among the listeners about the preventive measures which can be taken to reduce the occurrence of such incidence. Group discussion has its effectiveness in certain areas like a proper collection of information helps to identify and also locate information which relates to the topic. Also, it presents suggestions on the process of reducing the collected information to relevant one for the topic. It also helps in establishing certain questions for testing the acceptability of collected information before placing it in front of the group. All of these aids are of substantial value, mainly in the areas of decision making and problem solving. Effective solutions to problems and also sound assessment require good quality information and also the capability of applying it in a presentable

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Conflict Management Essay Example for Free

Conflict Management Essay Conflict management refers to the long-term management of intractable conflicts. It is the label for the variety of ways by which people handle grievances — standing up for what they consider to be right and against what they consider to be wrong. Those ways include such diverse phenomena as gossip, ridicule, lynching, terrorism, warfare, feuding, genocide, law, mediation, and avoidance. Which forms of conflict management will be used in any given situation can be somewhat predicted and explained by the social structure — or social geometry — of the case. Conflict management is often considered to be distinct from conflict resolution. In order for actual conflict to occurr, there should be an expression of exclusive patterns, and tell why the conflict was expressed the way it was. Conflict is not just about simple inaptness, but is often connected to a previous issue. The latter refers to resolving the dispute to the approval of one or both parties, whereas the former concerns an ongoing process that may never have a resolution. Neither is it considered the same as conflict transformation, which seeks to reframe the positions of the conflict parties. Scientific studies Scientific study of conflict management (also known as social control) owes its foundations to Donald Black, who typologized its elementary forms and used his strategy of pure sociology to explain several aspects of its variation. Research and theory on conflict management has been further developed by Allan Horwitz, Calvin Morill, James Tucker, Mark Cooney, M.P. Baumgartner, Roberta Senechal de la Roche, Marian Borg, Ellis Godard, Scott Phillips, and Bradley Campbell. Utilizing a multidisciplinary approach and avoiding semantic discussions, we could also state that the father of conflict management is Thomas C. Schelling, an American economist and Nobel Prize winner, who authored the Strategy of Conflict in 1960. Schelling’s main goal was to lay the foundation for a theory of conflict that would include the fields of economics, psychology, sociology and the law. Conflict is an omnipresent trait of human societies since it is almost impossible to find two parties with entirely overlapping interests, thus a general theory for bargaining and negotiation to address conflict is useful not only in the field of international politics or business management, but also at the personal and intimate level. Counseling When personal conflict leads to frustration and loss of efficiency, counseling may prove to be a helpful antidote. Although few organizations can afford the luxury of having professional counselors on the staff, given some training, managers may be able to perform this function. Nondirective counseling, or listening with understanding, is little more than being a good listener — something every manager should be. [1] Sometimes the simple process of being able to vent ones feelings — that is, to express them to a concerned and understanding listener, is enough to relieve frustration and make it possible for the frustrated individual to advance to a problem-solving frame of mind, better able to cope with a personal difficulty that is affecting his work adversely. The nondirective approach is one effective way for managers to deal with frustrated subordinates and co-workers.[2] There are other more direct and more diagnostic ways that might be used in appropriate circumstances. The great strength of the nondirective approach (nondirective counseling is based on the client-centered therapy of Carl Rogers), however, lies in its simplicity, its effectiveness, and the fact that it deliberately avoids the manager-counselors diagnosing and interpreting emotional problems, which would call for special psychological training. No one has ever been harmed by being listened to sympathetically and understandingly. On the contrary, this approach has helped many people to cope with problems that were interfering with their effectiveness on the job.[2] References 1. ^ Henry P Knowles; Bà ¶rje O Saxberg (1971). Personality and leadership behavior. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co.. Chapter 8. OCLC 118832. 2. ^ a b Richard Arvid Johnson (1976). Management, systems, and society : an introduction. Pacific Palisades, Calif.: Goodyear Pub. Co.. pp. 148–142. ISBN 0876205406 9780876205402. OCLC 2299496. Kellett, Peter M. Conflict Dialogue. London: Sage Publications, 2007 External links †¢ Conflict Management Articles A collection of Conflict Management Articles †¢ Peace Forge -A wiki dedicated to best practices in peace and conflict resolution †¢ Search For Common Ground One of the worlds largest non-government organisations dedicated to conflict resolution †¢ CUNY Dispute Resolution Consortium- The Dispute Resolution Headquarters in New York City. See also †¢ Conflict resolution †¢ Conflict atlas †¢ Conflict style inventory You cant avoid conflict in your life, at home, at work, and even at play. Wherever people interact, there is a potential for conflict. Thats not bad news because good things can arise, and relationships can improve through conflict, provided conflict is managed with thought and attention. The bad news is that most of us are fairly limited in how we manage and resolve conflict situations, often throwing gasoline on the fire. It doesnt have to be that way. Weve gathered together the best and most useful free online resources and tools to help you manage and cope with conflict more effectively. Whether you want to learn about conflict at work, between siblings, within the family, or any other context, youll be sure to find help on these pages. Originally created for our own research purposes, we decided to publish the directory so others could use it. New conflict material is added weekly, so make sure to subscribe to our update newsletter. Customer Service (75) new A major part of providing good customer service involves dealing effectively with angry, dissatisfied, or just plan difficult customers. Here youll find suggestions about how to deal with those tough customer service, and customer conflict situations. (Call Centers) (Suggested Books) Difficult People (53) new Difficult people can drive you nuts, and if youre difficult, you may be driving others nuts. Learn more about what makes difficult people tick, and how to deal with different kinds of difficult people behaviors. (Discussion Lists) (Suggested Books) Diversity and Multicultural Issues (73) Learn about diversity and culture, how to create diverse organizations, and increase your understanding of the links between diversity, culture and conflict. Practical suggestions about resolution of conflict that is linked to culture. (Suggested Books) (Doing Business Abroad) Emotional Intelligence (37) Free articles and papers related to Emotional Intelligence, Goleman, and others. Facilitation (21) new Articles about the faciliating process in groups and dyads and about facilitators Family Conflict Parents and Children (35) new Parents and children often come into conflict over large and small issues, regardless of age of the children. Learn more about dealing with conflicts between parents and children from these resources. Family Conflict Sibling Disagreements (20) new Conflict with brothers and sisters is a natural process, and occurs in every family. Learn more about conflict between siblings and sibling rivalry and how to deal with it. Fighting Fair (16) Sometimes its not whether you win or lose an argument but how you act during an argument that dictates a positive or negative outcome. Learn to fight fair during disagreements and conflict. Labor Law (23)

Friday, November 15, 2019

The University Should Raise Tuition Each Year Essay -- Argumentative P

The University Should Raise Tuition Each Year Tuition usually increases once a year, for the main purpose that schools go over their budget and they have to make up that money in some way. The schools are using that extra money to make that school a better place so that existing students and new students think its worth spending their money on, going there for a higher education. There are good and bad things about tuition increases, but the big thing to think about is, are these increases going to help the students? Yes, they are, the schools are increasing tuition so that the students can get there higher education, and feel that they are getting it at a great place. Schools want to help their students get the best higher education they can, but to do that, they have to raise tuition so they can afford to help their students. Universities have budgets which they are supposed to stick to, and now that they are not sticking to them, they need to raise tuition so that they can make up for the extra money that they spent. â€Å"The University of Virginia saw a 20 percent cut in their tuition bill in 1999, is planning a midyear tuition surcharge as bad state-budget news continues to poor in,†(Hebel, 2002). Universities are having a very hard time with their budgets that they need to raise tuition. There is a really good question to ask, why are they going over their budgets? There are many answers to that question, one of them is that the government isn’t giving universities as much money as they used to, another answer is that, they have so many students paying to go to their school, that they feel that they have to keep them there, so they spend money improving programs to help their students get the higher education ... .... This way the students get their higher education, and better programs to help them achieve that higher education. Programs such as tutoring really do help students with their classes, and help keep their grades up. Some students have scholarships, and without good grades, they loose their scholarships. As long as raising tuition helps the students, it’s a good idea. Otherwise, they should think about leaving the tuition alone or putting some of that extra money into some new or existing programs. This way, the students know where their money is going; doing this will help students be ok with the idea of tuition increases. If the students are fine with the idea, then it won’t be such a hardship retaining more students and keeping the existing students, because the students are getting something for their money, not just a higher education, but programs and help.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Proposal Data Base

Ladies and gentlemen, as you may be aware, our information system is outdated. We are having trouble keeping our customer information accurate and up to date. We have been using Microsoft Excel to keep this information to include transactions that we have made with our customers. It is difficult for us to look up customer information and are in need of an information system that is more efficient. Microsoft Access is the better choice. It will give us accurate and reliable information when we need it. Another plus for our business is cost. Microsoft Access is the less expensive alternative than the other information systems, like Oracle. Microsoft Access also has more trained consultants than any other information system, making it easier for us to get support in our growing business needs. Microsoft Access is compatible with most information systems like Microsoft Excel. It will be able to import all our existing information which will save us countless hours of manual input. Although Microsoft Access is a bit more difficult to navigate and work with than Microsoft Excel, with proper training this system will be far more efficient to our business. We will be able to look up the information we need with far better accuracy. Since our business is growing Microsoft Access will store our growing customer’s information, and can be accessed to view by simple commands as opposed to looking up information one by one. With all these new technologies available to us it is crucial that we keep up with these changing times. This business will also need to find a good transaction processing system. For the time being we can use PayPal. It is a secure way of making transactions with our customers. They, including ourselves, will have a peace of mind knowing that we have some type of protection. Since our business will also be dealing with not only customers we will be dealing with preferred venders and providers to bring together the best experience for our customers. Our business will need a great way to keep record of what we are charging for our service, what we spend on providing these services, and what are our profits. We will be able to create charts and see where our wasteful spending might be and correct those deficiencies, to make this business more profitable. In conclusion, our business will gain tremendous ground and be very efficient. This means we will be able to provide our customers with the services they need and expect from us. We will also become very profitable and will give us the means to expand.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Love and War

They say all is fair in love and war. This commonly known idiom is accepted across the nation because, in reality, both love and war result in someone getting hurt. Whether it be human emotions or a human leg that ends up getting torn apart, the victim in question is also to blame. Everyone has complete and sole power over his or her emotions, and of their choice in a lover/choice to fall in love. When it comes to war, nobody (at least nobody who lives in America) is forced to enlist in any division of the army. It is a human right to protect one’s self from danger, and if that means not fighting for their country, then they don’t have to. However any particular that does choose to take part in battle understands the potential consequences. Both love and war are decisions, but the same is not true when it comes to economics and a person’s bank account. Financial status is determined at birth, which is very unlike the effects of love and war. Those who are born into wealth have the fortune of being able to start out their career, whatever it may be, at a higher than average rank. Achieving upper class status, retiring early, owning a fancy car, owning a big house etc. is sometimes caused by luck and can at times be the result of a high drive and a strong work ethic. Though, that is not usually the case. More often times than not, those who are rich when they are thirty, forty, seventy etc. start out that way. It all begins at birth. Upper class parents find it reputable to teach their children in a manner that is above par right from trying to get them to speak. Then, they send those children to a pre-pre school, followed by preschool, which not everyone has the opportunity to attend. Children from wealthy families usually attend private grade school (another privilege that comes along with having money), which starts them off with a good education and puts them on the path to a positive future. Upon applying for their first job at age sixteen or so (if they even want to; the rich usually have enough money to forget the job and focus on their bettering their education, which is yet another perk that sets them up for success), and since most of these people have lived in the same town for the entirety of their life, their parents have certain connections to certain businesses and business owners, and could easily get their kid an above par job (probably doing practically nothing) or better yet a high paying internship. The bonus of an internship, however, in this case would not be the extra cash. Rather, it would provide them with a positive learning experience. College is just another step in their life that will come easy, because they get into a better college than they should, simply because one of their parents went there, knew someone who went there, or because the admissions department can see a perfect scholarly record in their name (which, is what university is all about so, it greatly benefits them). Finally, offspring of the wealthy many times will take over their parents’ top tier business and make lots of money that way, or they will have done well enough at their great school (their parents set them straight from the beginning, it would be hard not to do well), that they acquired an equally prestigious or more prestigious job for themselves. Either way, the cycle of wealth starts again. In conclusion, all is fair in love and war. However, when it comes to financial status, it’s a man eat man world. And the ones with the money always win.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Legalsim in Ancient China essays

Legalsim in Ancient China essays Legalism is not a Choice, It is a Necessity When a warring state is in chaos the only way to control it is to rule by striking fear in the hearts of your people through the distribution of harsh punishments. After your people are afraid, you can then gain their cooperation by giving generous rewards to those who follow your rule. By treating your people with this disregard, you are maintaining the main objective of legalism, looking out for the welfare of the state. I am a philosopher and advisor to the King of Zhao. He is worried that his country will rebel against him due to years of economic hardship. He has come to me because he would like to know how to stop this rebellion before it begins. I explained to the king that in harsh times, one must first use tyrannical power to force people into submission and cooperation. After cooperation is obtained, giving generous rewards for righteousness will ensure further cooperation. The result of this legalist approach is that, Severe punishments would restrain violations, while generous rewards would encourage what was beneficial to the strength and well-being of the state(Sources,191). I explained to his greatness that the legalist approach to maintaining the well being of his state is to put the interest of the state first and foremost among human concern. In other words, the common people that live in your empire are to be treated only as pawns in a large game of chess. Not only do legalists need to treat humans this way but they also need to take count of many other things in their empire and consider them before making a strategic move. A strong state will always know the exact numbers of everything useful in the state. This includes knowing how many humans there are and what they are capable of, as well as an account for the capabilities of animals, weapons, and food in the empire. All these things need to be taken into account and used as tool ...

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

buy custom Forms of Writing essay

buy custom Forms of Writing essay An individual requires the shoe-tying skills in order to tie shoes (Breaux, 2005). Technical writing requires the use of numbering (Gerson Gerson, 2003). Hold one end of the shoestring in each hand. Cross the ends, making an X. Pass one end of the shoestring under the other and pull tight. Fold one shoestring in half while holding the strings tight. Twine the other end around the folded end. Grasp the lace in the middle and bend it into a flat loop and pull, making a bow. Beautiful Residential Places Some residential places in the United States are very beautiful. They contain flower gardens, which have a variety of flowers that provide a olorful scenery and sweet fragrance (Bunting Hewitt, 2008). Because such residential places are far from industrial areas, common sounds involve cool music. The roads are very smooth, such that an individual feels comfortable while in a fast moving car. Most restaurants and pubs around the residential places in WisconsinState provide cool and sweet refreshment drink (Messervy Abell, 2007). Technical and Expository Writings Explaining the shoe-tying procedure to an individual is an example of technical writings while describing the beauty of a residential place is an example of expository writings. Expository writings persuade individuals to agree with certain opinions while technical writings focus on explaining procedures and concepts to audience (Hutchinson, 2005). Expositorry writing should be exciting while technical writing should be serious. The structure of technical writing includes numbering while expository writing requires the use of paragraphs (Gerson Gerson, 2003). Technical writing and other forms of writing Technical writing is a unique form of writing because it requires the use of numbering in listing the steps of executing a task (Gerson Gerson, 2003). Therefore, technical writing is different from other forms of writing usually in terms of format and purpose. Expository writing is more persuasive than technical writing (Hutchinson, 2005). Technical writing is the most common in the corporate environment because there is a need to explain various concepts to the members. Buy custom Forms of Writing essay

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Theories of Bayes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Theories of Bayes - Essay Example es himself had not been sure regarding the application of the theory, the importance and the applications of the Bayes theory in multidisciplinary fields had been recognized. The theory explores the probability of a number in two successive draws. It can then be considered applicable in relatively complex systems of studies (Savchuk & Tsokos, 2011). The theory of Bayes had been used in the selected study of the researcher Seung-Joon Jeon published in 2012 about the communication to the Editor Bull. There are different reasons as to why the use of the Bayes’ theorem had been used and is considered effective in the explanation of the results of the study. According to the author of the research paper, the application of the theory is determined since it can explain inverse probability in conditional probability which is also referred to as subjective probability. Biological systems are composed of few elements that are bound together in infinitely unique ways, for that matter, there is a high subjective probability or personal belief that these elements or molecules can form in expected ways. Specifically, it explores the probability of events based on another probability. The example given in the paper is the rare event of a binder molecule to find the right target site on the basis of two probabilities which are staying on a wrong site until the correct site had been found or continuously looking for the right site, thus the probability on the basis of another probability. The third reason had also been expressed in the paper which is the fact that Bayes’ theory had the most capacity to apply the strategy of determining the wrong site or the improbable event without doubt rather than the right site first accuracy (Jeon, 2012). In conclusion, the application of the theory of Bayes can be considered important in scientific systems that needed determination of an interconnected or overlapping systems of probability e.g. in this case a rare even in the

Friday, November 1, 2019

International Finance Coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Finance Coursework - Essay Example A firm therefore needs to keep the exchange rate risk at bay. Most firms do so by determining the specific type of exposure to risk, the hedging approach and they also find available instruments to deal with these currency risks. The international transactions the British Venture Capitalist is involved in, exposes them to exchange rate risk. They therefore have to plan in advance and take measures that will protect them against these risks to avoid incurring great losses. There are different types of risks or currency exposures the British Capitalist faces: Transaction risk or simply known as the cash ?ow risk deals with the effect of exchange rate changes position on transactional account exposure linked to receivable, or repatriation of dividends and payables. Any change in the currency exchange rate results in a transaction risk. Translation risk also known as balance sheet exchange rate risk shows the relationship of exchange rate change position to the valuation of a foreign sub ordinate firm and, in turn, to the consolidation of a foreign subordinate firm to the mother corporation’s balance sheet. ... There is a difference however in translation when it comes to the income statements. In the income statement translations are done at the usual exchange rate during the time period. In the case of balance sheets, translations are done at the predominant present exchange rate at the time of consolidation. Economic risk is the risk which reflects the risk to the firm’s value of future operating cash ?ows from exchange rate movements. It is concerned with the effect of exchange rate changes on revenues and operating expenses. The revenues in this case include domestic sales and exports whereas operating expenses include the domestic inputs and imports. This type of risk is normally applied to the current worth of future cash flow operations of a firm. Question (b) How to Measure Economic/Operating Exposure After de?ning the types of economic/operating exposure that a ?rm is exposed to, a crucial aspect of a ?rm’s exchange rate risk management decisions is the measurement o f economic/operating exposure. Measuring economic/operating exposure may seem to be challenging. Currently, the most commonly applied methodology is the value-at-risk (VaR) model. Generally, value at risk is de?ned as the highest loss for a given exposure over a given period of time with a certain percentage of con?dence. The VaR method can be useful in computing a range of types of risk, helping corporations in their risk management. Nevertheless, the VaR does not suggest what happens to the exposure for the (100 – z) % point of con?dence, i.e., the worst case scenario. The Value-at-Risk (VaR) calculation method of economic/operating exposure is applied by corporations to estimate the riskiness of a foreign exchange situation that culminates from a