Noli Me Tangere Cover Symbolism Essay

Major characters: * Juan Crisà ³stomo Ibarra y Magsalin – commonly referred to the novel as Ibarra or Crisà ³stomo, is the protagonist in the story. Son of a Filipino businessman, Don Rafael Ibarra, he studied in Europe for seven years. * Marà ­a Clara de los Santos y Alba – commonly referred to as Marà ­a Clara, is Ibarra’s fiancà ©e. She was raised by Capità ¡n Tiago, San Diego’s cabeza de barangay and is the most beautiful and widely celebrated girl in San Diego. * Don Santiago de los Santos – known by his nickname Tiago and political title Capità ¡n Tiago is a Filipino businessman and the cabeza de barangay or head of barangay of the town of San Diego. He is also the known father of Marà ­a Clara. * Doà ±a Victorina de los Reyes de Espadaà ±a – commonly known as Doà ±a Victorina, is an ambitious Filipina who classifies herself as a Spanish and mimics Spanish ladies by putting on heavy make-up. The novel narrates Doà ±a Victorina’s younge r days: she had lots of admirers, but she did not choose any of them because nobody was a Spaniard. Later on, she met and married Don Tiburcio de Espadaà ±a, an official of the customs bureau who is about ten years her junior. * Dà ¡maso Verdolagas – or Padre Dà ¡maso is a Franciscan friar and the former parish curate of San Diego. He is best known as a notorious character who speaks with harsh words and has been a cruel priest during his stay in the town. He is the real father of Marà ­a Clara and an enemy of Crisà ³stomo’s father, Rafael Ibarra. * Pilosopo Tasyo – is another major character in the story. Seeking for reforms from the government, he expresses his ideals in paper written in a cryptographic alphabet similar from hieroglyphs and Coptic figures hoping â€Å"that the future generations may be able to decipher it† and realized the abuse and oppression done by the conquerors. * Sisa – is the deranged mother of Basilio and Crispà ­n. Described as beautiful and young, although she loves her children very much, she can not protect them from the beatings of her husband, Pedro. * Crispà ­n – is Sisa’s 7-year-old son. An altar boy, he was unjustly accused of stealing money from the church. After failing to force Crispà ­n to return the money he allegedly stole, Father Salvà ­ and the head sacristan killed him. It is not directly stated that he was killed, but the dream of Basilio sugg ests that Crispà ­n died during his encounter with Padre Salvi and his minion. * Basilio – is Sisa’s 10-year-old son. An acolyte tasked to ring the church bells for the Angelus, he faced the dread of losing his younger brother and the descent of his mother into insanity. At the end of the novel, Elà ­as wished Basilio to bury him by burning in exchange of chest of gold located on his death Maria Clara = Leonor Rivera Ibarra & Elias = Rizal Tasio (the Sage) = Paciano Padre Salvi = Padre Antonio Piernavieja Capitan Tiago = Capitan Hilario Sunico of San Nicolas Dona Victorina = Dona Agustina Medel Basilio & Crispin = Crisostomo Brothers Padre Damaso = represents all typical friars of that time

The Return: Midnight Chapter 1

â€Å"Dear Diary, I'm so frightened I can hardly hold this pen. I'm printing rather than writing in cursive, because that way I have more control. What am I terrified of, you ask? And when I say â€Å"of Damon†you don't believe the answer, not if you'd seen the two of us a few days ago. But to understand, you have to know a few facts. Have you ever heard the phrase â€Å"Al bets are off†? It means that anything, anything, can happen. So that even somebody who figures out odds and takes bets from people gives them back their money. Because a wild card has entered the situation. You can't even figure the odds to take a bet. That's where I am. That's why my heart is pounding in my throat and head and ears and fingertips in fear. Al bets are off. You can see how shaky even my printing is. Suppose my hands shake like this when I go in to see him? I might drop the tray. I might annoy Damon. And then anything might happen. I'm not explaining this right. What I should be saying is that we're back: Damon and Meredith and Bonnie and me. We went to the Dark Dimension and now we're home again, with a star ball – and Stefan. Stefan was tricked into going there by Shinichi and Misao, the brother and sister kitsune, or evil fox-spirits, who told him that if he went to the Dark Dimension he could get the curse of being a vampire removed and become human again. They lied. All they did was leave him in a stinking prison, with no food, no light, no warmth†¦until he was at the point of death. But Damon – who was so different back then – agreed to lead us to try to find him. And, oh, I can't even begin to describe the Dark Dimension itself. But the important thing is that we finally found Stefan, and that by then we'd found the Twin Fox key we needed to release him. But – he was a skeleton, poor boy. We carried him out of the prison on his pallet, which later Matt burned; it was so infested with creepy-crawlies. But that night we gave him a bath and put him to bed†¦and then we fed him. Yes, with our blood. All the humans did it except Mrs. Flowers, who was busy making poultices for where his poor bones were almost sticking out of his skin. They had starved him to that point! I could kill Them with my own hands – or my Wings Powers – if only I could use them properly. But I can't. I know there is a spell for Wings of Destruction, but I have no idea how to summon it. At least I got to see how Stefan blossomed when being fed with human blood. (I admit that I gave him a few extra feedings that weren't on his chart, and I'd have to be an idiot not to know that my blood is different from other people's – it's much richer and it did Stefan amazing amounts of good.) And so Stefan recovered enough that the next morning he was able to walk downstairs to thank Mrs. Flowers for her potions! The rest of us, though – all the humans – were totally exhausted. We didn't even think about what had happened to the bouquet, because we didn't know it had anything special in it. We'd gotten it just as we were leaving the Dark Dimension, from a kind white kitsune who'd been in the cell across from Stefan's before we arranged a jailbreak. He was so beautiful! I never knew a kitsune could be kind. But he had given Stefan these flowers. Anyway, that morning Damon was up. Of course, he couldn't contribute any of his own blood, but I honestly think he would have, if he could. That was the way he was back then. And that's why I don't understand how I can feel the fear I feel now. How can you be terrified of someone who's kissed you and kissed you†¦and called you his darling and his sweetheart and his princess? And who has laughed with you with his eyes dancing with mischief? And who's held you when you were frightened, and told you there was nothing to be afraid of, not while he was there? Someone you only had to glance at to know what he was thinking? Someone who has protected you, no matter what the cost to himself, for days on end? I know Damon. I know his faults, but I also know what he's like inside. And he's not what he wants people to think he is. He's not cold, or arrogant, or cruel. Those are fa?ades he puts on to cover himself, like clothes. The problem is that I'm not sure he knows he isn't any of these things. And right now he's all mixed-up. He might change and become all of them – because he's so confused. What I'm trying to say is, that morning only Damon was really awake. He was the only one who saw the bouquet. And one of the things Damon definitely is, is curious. So he unwrapped all the magical wards from it and it had a single pitch-black rose in the center. Damon has been trying to find a black rose for years, just to admire it, I think. But when he saw this one he smelled it†¦and boom! The rose disappeared! And suddenly he was sick and dizzy and he couldn't smell anything and all his other senses were dulled as well. That was when Sage – oh, I haven't even mentioned Sage, but he's a tall bronze gorgeous hunk of a vampire who's been such a good friend to all of us – told him to suck in air and to hold it, to push it down into his lungs. Humans have to breathe that way, you see. I don't know how long it took Damon to realize that he really was a human, no joke, nothing anyone could do about it. The black rose had been for Stefan; and it would have given him his dream of being human again. But when Damon realized it had worked its magic on him†¦ That's when I saw him look at me and lump me in with the rest of my species – a species he's come to hate and scorn. Since then I haven't dared look him in the eye again. I know he loved me just days ago. I didn't know that love could turn to – well, to all the things he feels now about himself. You'd think it would be easy for Damon to become a vampire again. But he wants to be as powerful a vampire as he used to be – and there isn't anyone like that to exchange blood with him. Even Sage disappeared before Damon could ask him. So Damon is stuck like this until he finds some strong, powerful, and prestigious vampire to go through the whole process of changing him. And every time I look into Stefan's eyes, those jewel-green eyes that are warm with trust and gratitude – I feel terror, too. Terror that somehow he'll be snatched away again – right out of my arms. And†¦terror that he'll find out how I've come to feel about Damon. I hadn't even realized myself how much Damon has come to mean to me. And I can't†¦ stop†¦my feeling†¦for him, even if he hates me now. And, yes, damn it, I'm crying! In a minute, I have to go take him his dinner. He must be starving, but when Matt tried to take him something earlier today, Damon threw the whole tray at him. Oh, please, God, please don't let him hate me! I'm being selfish, I know, in just talking about what's going on with Damon and me. I mean, things in Fell's Church are worse than ever. Every day more children become possessed and terrify their parents. Every day, parents get angrier with their possessed children. I don't even want to think about what's going on. If something doesn't change, the whole place will be destroyed like the last town Shinichi and Misao visited. Shinichi†¦he made a lot of predictions about our group, about things we've kept secret from the others. But the truth is, I don't know if I want to hear any of his riddles solved. We're lucky in one way. We have the Saitou family to help us. You remember Isobel Saitou, who pierced herself so horribly while she was possessed? Since she's gotten better, she's become a good friend, and her mother, Mrs. Saitou, and her grandmother, Obaasan, too. They give us amulets – spells to keep evil away, written on Post-it Notes or little cards. We're so grateful for that kind of help. Someday maybe we can repay them all. Elena Gilbert put down the pen reluctantly. Shutting her diary meant having to face the things she had been writing about. Somehow, though, she managed to make herself walk downstairs to the kitchen and take the dinner tray from Mrs. Flowers, who smiled encouragingly at her. As she set out for the boardinghouse's storage room, she noticed that her hands were trembling so that the entire tray of food she was carrying jingled. Since there was no access to the storage room from inside, anyone who wanted to see Damon had to go out the front door and around to the addition tacked on near the kitchen garden. Damon's lair, people were cal ing it now. As she passed the garden Elena glanced sideways at the hole in the middle of the angelica patch that was the powered-down Gateway where they'd come back from the Dark Dimension. She hesitated at the storage room door. She was stil trembling, and she knew that was not the right way to face Damon. Just relax, she told herself. Think of Stefan. Stefan had had a grim setback when he'd found that there was nothing left of the rose, but he had soon recovered his usual humility and grace, touching Elena's cheek and saying that he was thankful just to be there with her. That this closeness was al he asked of life. Clean clothes, decent food – freedom – al these were worth fighting for, but Elena was the most important. And Elena had cried. On the other hand, she knew that Damon had no intention of remaining as he now was. He might do anything, risk anything†¦to change himself back. It had actual y been Matt who had suggested the star bal as a solution for Damon's condition. Matt hadn't understood either the rose or the star bal until it was explained that this star bal , which was probably Misao's, contained within it most or al of her Power, and that it had become more bril iant as it absorbed the lives that she took. The black rose had probably been created with a liquid from a similar star bal – but no one knew how much or whether it was combined with unknown ingredients. Matt had frowned and asked, if the rose could change a vampire to a human, could a star bal change a human to a vampire? Elena hadn't been the only one to see the slow rising of Damon's bent head, and the glimmer in his eyes as they traveled the length of the room to the star bal fil ed with Power. Elena could practical y hear his logic. Matt might be total y off track†¦but there was one place a human could be sure to find powerful vampires. In the Dark Dimension – to which there was a Gateway in the boardinghouse's garden. The Gateway was closed right now†¦for lack of Power. Unlike Stefan, Damon would have absolutely no qualms about what would happen if he had to use al the star bal ‘s liquid, which would result in the death of Misao. After al , she was one of the two foxes who had abandoned Stefan to be tortured. So all bets were off. Okay, you're scared; now deal with it, Elena told herself fiercely. Damon's been in that room for almost fifty hours now and who knows what he's been plotting to do to get hold of the star bal . Stil , somebody's got to get him to eat – and when you say â€Å"somebody,†face it, it's you. Elena had been standing at the door so long that her knees were starting to lock. She took a deep breath and knocked. There was no answer, and no light went on inside. Damon was human. It was quite dark outside now. â€Å"Damon?†It was meant to be a cal . It came out a whisper. No answer. No light. Elena swal owed. He had to be in there. Elena knocked harder. Nothing. Final y, she tried the knob. To her horror it was unlocked, and it swung open to reveal an interior as dark as the night around Elena, like the maw of a pit. The fine hairs at the back of Elena's neck were standing up. â€Å"Damon, I'm coming in,†she managed in a bare whisper, as if to convince herself by her quietness that there was nobody there. â€Å"I'l be silhouetted against the very edge of the porch light. I can't see anything, so you have al the advantages. I'm carrying a tray with very hot coffee, cookies, and steak tartar, no seasonings. You should be able to smel the coffee.† It was odd, though. Elena's senses told her that there was no one standing directly in front of her, waiting for her to literal y run into him. Al right, she thought. Start with baby steps. Step one. Step two. Step three – I must be wel into the room now, but it's stil too dim to see anything. Step four†¦ A strong arm came out of the darkness and locked in an iron grip around her waist, and a knife pressed against her throat. Elena saw blackness shot with a sudden gray network, after which the dark closed in overwhelmingly.

Depreciated Replacement Cost Valuation Approach Essay

Depreciated Replacement Cost Valuation Approach - Essay Example The comparison therefore has to be made with a hypothetical substitute" (Valuation Standards Board, 2007). This approach is one which basically estimates the overall replacement value of a company or business, and it works by analyzing the cost of its components (for instance, this would include such things as surrounding land and building itself), and the value is then calculated by adding the free value of the market itself to of the land as if vacant, to that of the reconstruction cost of the building, and then you have to subtract the depreciation that has been suffered by the company or business over the years, in comparison to that of a newer building. A depreciated replacement cost valuation approach could absolutely be used by a client in order for them to be able to freehold interest of a specialized production plant, for instance, as this approach is one which is to be used basically only where there is no active market for the asset that is being valued (such as a speciali zed production plant). ... Although in this case we are in fact talking about a specialized production plant, there is a difference, as 'specialized property' is defined as "Real property that is rarely, if ever, sold in the market, except by way of a sale of the business or entity of which it is part, due to the uniqueness arising from its specialized nature and design, its configuration, size, location, or otherwise". (Valuation Standards Board, 2007). Although this definition is rather broad, it is still basic in that it can generally be applied to all situations in this regards, and in our particular case, we can see that the depreciated replacement cost valuation approach would be very positive here. The actual results will depend greatly on the success of the specialized production plant, as the actual value of a specialized property will vary, depending on its use, and for example, "If there is no demand in the market for the use for which the property is designed than the specialized features will either be of no value of have a detrimental effect on value as they represent an encumbrance". (Valuation Standards Board, 2007). Therefore one of the most important issues here is that of the definition of use, and only after you have defined the value in use of the particular specialized production plant would you be able to properly assess the value that would be gained from going with a depreciated replacement cost valuation approach. It is important to remember here that when you are appraising a business, it is not uncommon to use real estate appraisers to value the actual and real property segment of both the business and the machinery appraisers to value the personal

Financing needs of Cyrus Brown Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Financing needs of Cyrus Brown - Essay Example C. Consequently, Cyrus Brown Manufacturing will not need any minimum or maximum line of credit since the future prospects are positive. The only reason why external financing or line of credit might be needed is extraordinary events that might result in cash outflow. D. The first conclusion that can be made on the nature of the company is the seasonality of the products sold by the company, since one can see a rise in sales with the culmination in September alongside with the downfall in October and November. Another issue that should be considered when analyzing the financial situation of the company is the lump-sump payments made in June and September. While the ending monthly cash balance changes independent of the amount of sales, when considering the payments made in June and September, the increase in ending cash balance would be gradual and logical. Thus, when keeping in mind these two major issues, there is no reason to doubt financial situation of Cyrus Brown Manufacturing. E. It would be profitable for a bank to have Cyrus Brown Manufacturing as a client.

The Rise of the Papacy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Rise of the Papacy - Research Paper Example Conquerors took over Roman Empire territories, which weakened the stronghold of Julius Caesar and Augustus for example, Odoacer took over Italy, German invaders ruled western provinces. Roman Empire fell after splitting into two parts; Western and Eastern empires ruled by separate Emperors1. This gave room for moral decadence, financial troubles, corruption, and weakening of military power. These factors provided a loop way for barbaric hordes to attack and seize the empire. Papacy power rose after the fall of Roman Empire led by the Bishop of Rome. Uprising of church supremacy was started way back in 6th century; Bishops of Rome were among the most acknowledged and idolized popes of the world. Catholic Church created their own institutions of power known as Papacy, which administered that citizens are being given their due rights by the government. Christendom provided a tranquil environment for Papacy to manifest over a long period of time. Roman Catholic Church is strongly identif ied with St. Paul and Peter who were disciples and messengers of God. This pressurized Roman emperor Constantine to legalize Christianity as the national religion. Popes were at first regarded as advisors in matters pertaining to the empire, later on, Bishops gained superiority and became judges on Ecclesiastical disputes within the empire which prompted its attainment of new powers. Creation of churches across the Empire was done by Western missionaries who led to the spread of communion churches throughout the Empire. During Diocletian’s reign, Christianity was not allowed to be practiced in Roman Empire and they were being persecuted .This practice continued for decades until Emperor Constantine tolerated Christianity and gave them freedom of operation in the country.1 Pope accessed large area to establish his rule.Conversely,the church spread out to non-western Empire individuals who got a direct channel to oversee the operations of the Emperor. Furthermore, Pope was best owed the universal powers over the church and no one had a right to limit him from exercising these powers. Apart from caring for souls, Bishops were involved in decision making, advice, and policy analysis within the empire. Papacy supremacy dates back to the holy bible where God gave Peter blessings to rule the earth. During the first three centuries of the reign of Christianity, church was involved in series of activities for instance; they acted as rulers within the Christendom, and resolved conflicts. Powers of Bishops increased to extent they ran the church parallel to the political systems. They could make their own policies and constitution without help from the politicians .Christians in the whole world complained about the powers and privileges Popes in Rome were commanding in the offices. This papal rule was not attained with ease; it was through numerous struggles between the holy and The Empire At Large. Every pope who was appointed must tussle to ensure that their posi tion in the Empire was never tainted by the political leaders for example, Saint Gelasius I who headed the church from 492 until 496 struggled with Anastasius emperor to liberate the church from oppression. To maintain its supremacy, Papacy extended its rule to the West in 6th to 8th Century in order to escape

Unconditional and unconditional Convergence Coursework

Unconditional and unconditional Convergence - Coursework Example Unconditional and unconditional Convergence: Theorem: Every absolutely convergent series is unconditionally convergent. Conditional Convergence: A convergent series is said to be conditionally convergent if it is not unconditionally convergent. Thus such a series converges in the arrangement given, but either there is some rearrangement that diverges or else there is some rearrangement that has a different sum. Theorem: Every nonabsolutely convergent series is conditionally convergent. In fact, every nonabsolutely convergent series has a divergent rearrangement and can also be rearranged to sum to any preassigned value. The unordered sum of a sequence of real numbers, written as, ∑_iâ‚ ¬Nââ€"’ai has an apparent connection with the ordered sum ∑_(i=1)^∞ââ€"’ai The answer is both have same convergence. Theorem A necessary and sufficient condition for ∑_iâ‚ ¬Nââ€"’ai to converge is that the series ∑_(i=1)^∞ââ€"’ai is absolutely convergent and in this case ∑_(i=1)^∞ââ€"’ã€â€"ai=∑_(i∈â„ µ)ââ€"’aiã€â€"

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 66

Marketing - Essay Example Cokin’s opinion in the article, asserts that, through analytics young people can engage in technology, focus on their careers and solve problems all at the same time. A good example of analytics is examining sports and survey polls statistics (Cokins 1). Cokins continues to write on how technology has distant the young generation from traditional socialization. In essence, the identities of young people are changing to the worst because face-to-face contact is on the decline (Cokins 2). The ultimate message in Cokins letter to young, future employees is to focus information technologies, as analysts in solving problems. As analysts, young people will propel business and commerce through applying social media. Social media are important in that they provide fast, efficient and effective learning methods. Additionally, Cokins concurs that, LinkedIn, as a social media is important because of its ability of availing a network of professional contacts. If the young generation appreciates analytics, then they are bound to learn various ways of making decisions, which are fact-based. The above is derived from individuals with analytical skills (Cokins

TechWatt Value and Risk Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

TechWatt Value and Risk Management - Case Study Example These are TechWatt's presently known five requirements. First, fulfil the perception of value in making such a move. Second, provide enough space for 15 people working in a laboratory and light manufacturing. Third, provide enough office space for 12 managers and administrative staff. Fourth, provide space (e.g., a conference room) to accommodate visiting customers and prospects. Two conference rooms are preferable so when visitors use one, TechWatt employees have the other as needed. Fifth, TechWatt has 5 million to make a headquarters. These pre-project objectives are an incomplete "preferred solution". It's an 'initial brief' with too little information to proceed to Strategic Briefing. TechWatt makes software-hardware products. Constructing a headquarters facility is new with many unknowns. TechWatt will rely strongly on its Architect to be the Lead Consultant (LC) responsible to apprise the company of occurring new developments at each step, and giving good advice. Using the LC's experience is the smart approach to manage and try to optimise value and minimise risk, and do a Strategic Briefing. TechWatt must more thoroughly define value. The Architect/LC is in the best position to help clearly and concisely define and communicate value priorities and measurable expectations. This joint-effort Study uses RIBA's Plan of Work to clearly define value. Using RIBA methods, the LC shall guide TechWatt's work to identify and develop requirements (value), as well as identify constraints possibly blocking development. This is 'Work Stage A' or the inception of the Headquarters Project (HQP). Stage A / Inception requires careful considerations, or appraisals of as many things as it is possible to see about the HQP. The output of the Inception/Appraisal is a Strategic Briefing which is 'Stage B'. The Strategic Briefing shall define measurable value for the HQP. To make these determinations TechWatt shall work in conjunction with the LC. For now, all parties are evaluating the initial brief. Needed: Strategic Briefing with clarity - RIBA Work Stages A and B TechWatt needs to clearly determine future goals and scope of the HQP. Between now and the future, there is a gap to bridge. Management perceives value of the HQP as a bridge across the gap. TechWatt management has a Business Case mindset to support the aim to make a new headquarters. Business factors must stay in focus. Emotions must not override them. TechWatt's executive management team and front-line management (hands-on software and hardware experts) are best suited to clarify ideas for a Strategic Briefing about headquarters. To successfully launch the HQP, management must clearly define but not be limited to: - expected value added to TechWatt by the new headquarters, - 'must have' resources (accommodations, capabilities, etc.) in the new headquarters, - 'nice to have' resources (but possible to live without), - people and machines to make headquarters run well into the future, - trade-offs - pros and cons to of creating headquarters or not (cost of "Doing nothing"), - actual costs (Quantity Surveyor with input of Production, Purchasing and Accounting), and - opportunity costs (money lost by not doing certain opportunities; brainstormed largely by

Evaluate a chosen psychological theory and its associated method of Essay

Evaluate a chosen psychological theory and its associated method of intervention with regaurd to a chosen mental disorder.Further consider the factors that affe - Essay Example The psychodynamic perspective emphasizes on the internal conflicts, motives and unconscious forces regulate an individual's overt behaviour and attitude, hence addressing and resolving these underlying factors may attribute in the understanding of maladaptive behaviour. In psychodynamic approach, the associated symptoms are considered as an expression of a defence mechanism with a struggling inner-self attributes to the disordered pattern of eating or weight control behaviour as a connotation to commune or articulate underlying problems. In a conventional psychodynamic treatment approach, these symptoms are taken into consideration for expressing underlying issues, working through them and then resolving them. The psychodynamic treatment session primarily consists of looms using understanding and administration of the transference relationship mutually corresponding between the therapist and the client. The effectiveness of sole use of psychodynamic approach has not been proved well up to the mark, primarily because of twofold reasons. Firstly, in many cases clients suffering from acute starvation, depression or compulsivity that compel them having distorted mental states and hence aggravating the crisis by means of initiating associated complications like suicidal ideation or attempt, compulsive binging or purging, or need for critical medical attention. This eventually deteriorates the outcome of psychodynamic treatment approach, if applied prior resolving these problems. Secondly, client may engage in psychodynamic therapeutic approach for long years while employing themselves in the destructive symptomatic behaviour as well. This paper focuses on the analysis of Freudian psychodynamics theoretical perspectives in relation to the eating disorder including the adaptive function and the purpose that the eating disorder serves at unconscious level. Freudian Psychodynamic Approach Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) had been greatly influenced by Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894), a German physicist and physician. Freud had been inspired from him to propose his psychodynamic theory in relation to the principles incorporating the law of thermodynamics. He theorised that psychic-energy attributed to the development of human personality is a form of energy that can neither be destroyed nor be created, it can only be converted from one form to another, obeying the 'law of energy'. Hence the science of psychology is to focus on the adaptation, conduction and exchange of psychic energy within the realm of personality traits attributing to the overt shape and determining it (Internet Encyclopaedia). In his topographical structure of mind (1923) as illustrated in Figure 1, Freud explained the division of mind as the dynamism of unconscious, preconscious and conscious levels of mind by virtue of interplay among Id, Ego and Superego. Freud considered that most of our underlying feelings incorporating emotions, beliefs, attitudes and impulses are buried down into unconscious level. The conscious level of the mind, the smallest region, is what an individual is aware of. Freud described that as we possess the perception of awareness of our environment and the objects around us, it signifies the mechanism of conscious mind. Another level is preconscious which is promptly accessible whenever

Gender Roles and the Perception of Women Essay Example for Free

Gender Roles and the Perception of Women Essay There was a time that having a daughter born to a family evoked more pity than congratulations from the community. Sons were valued more for they were viewed to bring practical help towards augmenting the family income through physical labor, as well as ensuring that the family name lives on with his progeny. (Feminism) Daughters were valued only for the potential honor they could bring the family with a good marriage. In olden days, a good marriage was not necessarily defined by the couples happiness but rather was deemed as such if both families stand to benefit from the union. Usually benefits would be measured in wealth, alliance or business. Marriages then were basically mergers. Women were not expected to accomplish anything other than the mastery of domestic duties and union with a suitable husband. After marriage, the only duties that a woman is supposed to fulfill are to look after the needs of her husband and give birth to as many children as possible with preference to the birthing of sons. The 1920s and 30s saw a wave of feminism that sought to overturn the traditional gender role assigned to women. They viewed patriarchy as oppressive to women and advanced the thinking that women are complements of males and therefore should be treated as equals. The 1920s also saw a major victory for women in the United States with the passage of a law that allowed for womens suffrage. (Feminism) The Second World War in the 1940s also provided women with the opportunity to prove their worth outside their duties as homemakers. They started signing up as army nurses, members of womens corps and workers in factories that provided supplies and ammunition to the boys overseas. Even with this however, women still experienced discrimination at the hands of employers who believed that it was the mens role to earn money for their families. Those that were hired still had to face inequality in wages as their work were deemed easier compared to the mens. (Acker 46) It has continually been an uphill climb for women in the assertion of their rights and the fight for identity and equality. Despite the many progresses made by women since the olden days, some cultures still place more premium on males. Sandra Cisneros account (Kirszner, 96-99) of being and born and living in a traditional, patriarchal society in the 1950s show that even with the many new freedoms and rights accorded to women, their roles were still defined by marriage and domestic duties. What I didnt realize was that my father thought college was good for girls good for finding a husband. After four years of college and two more in graduate school, and still no husband, my father shakes his head even now and says I wasted all that education. (Kirszner 97) The selection further goes on to relate the attempts made by Cisneros in getting her father to acknowledge her achievements and herself as more than only a daughter. She wanted to BE his daughter in every sense of the word and enjoy the same pride her father has in her brothers achievements. I often witness the hunch posture, from women after dark on the warrenlike streets of Brooklyn where I live. They seem to set their faces on neutral and, with their purse straps strung across their chests bandolier style, they forge ahead as though bracing themselves against being tackled. (Kirszner 242) In Brent Staples observations in the Black Man effect in altering a public space (Kirszner 240), he presents the image of a woman who is determined to move forward yet remains aware of the possible challenges to her progress. While in the story the context women is defined in is couched in terms of potential threat from street violence and crimes, one could almost picture the same description as applicable to the grim and set determination of the feminists who steadfastly battles for womens rights and progress. It has been many years since women achieved a major victory in suffrage and set about to establishing their identity in society. Yet in some cases, there seem to be some women who remain oblivious or at least, not benefited by the new stature and rights women have been able to claim through years of struggle with a male-dominated society. In Anna Deavere Smiths Four American Characters monologue (2005) she shares a conversation she had with an elderly philosopher friend she had, Maxine Green. In the conversation, Smith asked Green: What are two things that you dont know and still want to know? Green replies: Personally I still feel that I have to curtsy when I see the president of our University and I feel that I ought to get coffee for my male colleagues even though Ive outlived most of them. Smith follows this up with the characterization of Maryland convict Paulette Jenkins. Paulette Jenkins represents the women in abusive relationship who suffer in silence. She never spoke out because she didnt want people to know that there was something wrong with her family. She took her husbands abuse and allowed him to do the same to her children†¦children that she had in the belief that it would soften her husband. What would make a man do such a thing? At the same time, what would make a woman stand by helplessly as her husband beats up her children and herself? Conflict in relationships between men and women are believed to stem from four main reasons: mens jealousy, mens expectation of women and domestic work, mens sense of right to punish their women, and the importance to men of asserting and keeping their authority. Women on the other hand, are kept silent due to feelings of shame and responsibility (Dobash, and Dobash 4). More often than not, the women feel that they deserved whatever the husband did to them. This acquiescence may be due to their cultural orientation of women as subservient wives. Upbringing and cultural orientation can do much to influence a persons understanding and acceptance of gender roles. (Dobash, and Dobash 4) However, there is always the freedom of choice and personal introspection, which should allow individuals to reason out right and wrong and the applicability and rationale of traditions for themselves. The case of Sandra Cisneros is the perfect illustration of this. Despite being brought up in a highly patriarchal household and culture, she chose to follow her own desire and achieve in her own right. In the end, she managed to earn her fathers respect and acknowledgment that she, as a woman, can accomplish and gain honor and pride for the family. Regardless of background, doctrine or culture, everyone, man and woman, has that same choice in choosing how their manhood or womanhood will be defined in their lives. Works Cited Acker, Joan. What Happened to the Womens Movement? -An Exchange. Monthly Review Oct. 2001: 46. Questia. 28 Sept. 2007 http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=5002421932. Feminism. The Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th ed. 2004. Questia. 28 Sept. 2007 http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=101243850. Dobash, R. Emerson, and Russell P. Dobash. Women, Violence, and Social Change. New York: Routledge, 1992. Questia. 28 Sept. 2007 http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=107605974. Kirszner, Laurie. Patterns for College Writing 10th ed. New York: Bedford/St. Martins. 2006. Mcneill, William H. Violence Submission in the Human Past. Daedalus 136. 1 (2007): 5+. Questia. 28 Sept. 2007 http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=5019968515. Smith, Anna Deveare. Four American Characters. 2005 TED. com. 27 Sept 2007 http://www. ted. com/index. php/talks/view/id/60

Public Interest in Serial Killers

Public Interest in Serial Killers In this weeks module five on the publics interest in fictional and real serial killers a lot of interesting information was given. As much as we dont like the fact that people kill people out of random acts and for no reason, we cant just turn a blind eye to it. These killings weather we like to admit it or not draw us in and we want to know how it happen and the details of the crime that was committed. This infatuation isnt just for one reason but for many different reasons depending on the type of person someone is. One of the reasons a person might be infatuated with a serial killer is because of the curiosity of the crime in the way that the crime that was committed was so rare that it invokes a greater interest then that of a random killing (Bonn, Scott), or a killing that has been done before.   A second reason is that some killers kill at random and dont know their victims this it like a shark attack to people and makes them feel hat anyone can be a target. Another reason is that when some killers kill their inner demons come out (Bonn, Scott) and in a great rage and force it is this rage that draws people to try and comprehend their mind set and try to understand it. When it comes to the monsters portrayed in movies it especially plays on the feeling and emotions of people and this is why we are so attracted to it. It draws us in by playing on our emotions of fear and anger (Bonn, Scott). There is a fine line between those people that have an interest in the fictional characters that are played in movies that are killers versus those that are actual serial killers. Those that have a high interest in fictional killers dont acknowledge those that are actual killers. This to me might be because the crimes committed in the movies havent happened in real life but the fact that the scenarios in the movie could happened and bring upon feelings of fear that makes it interesting and an infatuation occur. There are some people that have gone so far with the infatuation for a real life serial killer that have written them in jail and build a friendship with them because they are obsessed with the crimes they did and their mind set (Bond, Michael). For these people their infatuation has brought them to an extreme. It is because they have a want to be like them or just understand them and have brought their fantasy into reality to get to know them on a personal level. The media is a high influencer of these infatuations and this is because when these kinds of crimes they are highly wanted in the news and that because they are integrating and as far as the media is concerned builds up their ratings. Law enforcement and the media in a way bump heads and this is because when a crime occurs and the media catches wind of it they report on it and they use some facts of the cast and they exaggerate and make their own assumptions about the crime that happen (Morton, Robert). This makes it especially hard for law enforcement with an ongoing investigation because when they make false claims to the public it evokes fear in people (Morton, Robert) and they are looking for the person that did these and any person that they feel is the killer because of the false facts of the media is reported on making law enforcement follow false leads. Our interest and obsession with serial killers could be for many different reason weather that person is a real serial killer or one made up by movie producers. The fact is that this infatuation is a little scary that a person could be so interested with someone that has actually committed a crime and harmed another because they want to be like them and they committed a crime that they know they could not do. On the other hand those that are drawn to killers because of the need to understand their mind set and know what drove them to such extremes, profilers that classify serial killers do this to catch a serial killers and prevent it from happening,. Infatuation and interest in serial killers will always be something the human mind does because of the need for understanding. References 1.) Bond, Michael. Why are we eternally fascinated by serial killers? March 31, 2016. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20160331-why-are-we-eternally-fascinated-by-serial-killers 2.) Morton, Robert. Behavioral analysis unit 2, Federal Bureau of Investigation. Serial Murder: Multi-Disciplinary Procedures for Investigators. Retrieved from http://ct2learn.com/els/resources/ebooks/serial-murder-multi-disciplinary-procedures-investigators/view-serial-murder-multi-disciplinary-procedures-investigators/ 3.) Bonn, Scott. Heres Why We Love Serial Killers. September 22, 2014. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/wicked-deeds/201409/here-s-why-we-love-serial-killers

Enormous Changes at the Last Minute: Postmodern Humanism :: Grace Paley Enormous Last Minute Essays

"Enormous Changes at the Last Minute:" Postmodern Humanism in the Short Fiction of Grace Paley(1) On the jacket of her second book of short stories, Enormous Changes at the Last Minute, Grace Paley, a feminist, postmodernist, antiwar activist, and writer, identifies herself as a "somewhat combative pacifist and cooperative anarchist." In 1979, she was arrested on the White House lawn for demonstrating against nuclear weapons, and her rÃÆ'Â ©sumÃÆ'Â © is full of such protest-related arrests. Paley's statement in a 1998 interview with the online magazine Salon is typical: "Whatever your calling is, whether it's as a plumber or an artist, you have to make sure there's a little more justice in the world when you leave it than when you found it." Paley's fiction expresses similar sentiments but in rather subtle ways. Women in her short stories do not get arrested for protesting; instead, they visit their aging fathers in the hospital. (2) Paley's concern for justice appears in her short fiction as a postmodern humanism that works itself out in the establishment of storytelling, re ality-making communities. In "Toward a Concept of Postmodernism," Ihab Hassan schematizes postmodernism in opposition to modernism. This sampling of the catchwords he identifies gives us a window into the project of postmodern theorists: Antiform, Play, Anarchy, Decreation/Deconstruction, Antithesis, Absence, Dispersal, Anti-narrative/Petite Histoire, Indeterminacy (591-2). Postmodern writers, then, play with language, experiment with narrative fragmentation, introduce previously ignored voices, borrow heavily from both popular culture and "canonical" literature, and generally break boundaries. How can we classify Paley as a postmodern writer if an ethical framework underlies her writing? Shouldn't she be trying to deconstruct reality and expose the meaninglessness of the American experience? Of course, no work or writer fits perfectly into postmodernism's theoretical agenda. For that matter, the very establishment of an unyielding definition of postmodernism is antithetical to its self-proclaimed turn away from the rigidity of modernist thought. For students of postmodernism this can be a maddening maze of deconstruction that eventually leads to the extinction of the study of literature. If, as radical deconstructionists might argue, our language systems and understandings of reality prove to be valueless, the scholar of literature is left with little to do, as is the social critic. It is for this reason that Hassan writes Thus we can not simply rest-as I have sometimes done-on the assumption that postmodernism is antiformal, anarchic, or decreative; for though it is indeed all these, and despite its fanatic will to unmaking, it also contains the need to discover a "unitary sensibility" (Sontag), to "cross the border and close the gap" (Fiedler).

Comparing Male and Female Relationships in Cat in The Rain and Hills Li

Comparing Male and Female Relationships in Cat in The Rain and Hills Like White Elephants by Hemingway This relationship is examined closely in two short stories. The stories, Cat in The Rain, and Hills Like White Elephants, both show a man and a woman in what seems to be a quiet and passive moment. However in both stories, Hemingway carefully uses imagery and subtlety to convey to the reader that the relationship in the story is flawed, and is quite clearly dysfunctional. Both male characters in each story clearly have trouble understanding their women, and it is this inability to see them and what they want that Hemingway is addressing and criticizng. What, in both works, appears to be a quite and passive moment, is in reality a pivotal point in each relationship, and neither man seems to realize it. Â   For example, Cat In The Rain tells what seems to be a simple tale of an American couple spending a rainy afternoon inside their hotel room. This simple set up serves as a great metaphor for what appears to be the couples relationship. Outside it's ugly and gray. And nothing is going on inside. Form the begging, we can see that their is a well established rift in the relationship between George and his unnamed wife. The woman sees a cat standing in the rain, and tells her husband (who is being non communicative and sits aside reading, the whole time) "I'm going down and get that kitty"(129). Hemingway writes the response of the Husband as '"I'll do it", her husband offered from the bed"(129). The fact that George seems so detached, and makes no effort in even getting up clearly shows us that his "offer" her means nothing. He is simply going through a mechanical motion of seeming to listen and care, with out even bothering ... ...tle bit of light she needs. Â   In conclusion, neither of these stories really gives any hope to their respective relationships. It seems that both cases feature men who have long already ignored and under appreciated their loved ones, and have hurt them and not even seen that hurt. Hemingway seems to be telling us that they key to keep relating is to not only listen, but listen with intent. Both the women in these stories are sad, hurt and lonely. Those are traits Hemingway seems to have written about numerous times, but they come across beautifully in these tales that at first seem small and insignificant, but truly do offer a snapshot into the emotions of it's characters, and into ours as well. Works Cited The Complete Short Stories Of Ernest Hemingway. The Fianca Vigia Edition. Scribner Paperback Fiction. Published By Simon and Schuster. New York, NY.

Politicians and Social Order :: essays research papers

A social order. A person’s beliefs and values that allow them to make the choices that to have the type of government they want. My social order- one of an African-American, 17-year-old, low middle-class female- will differ widely from my mother’s, or Shemair’s, or even your social order. For instance, I strongly value education. So does my mother, Shemair, and I am sure you do, too. My mother might value my education because it will help her later on in life. Shemair might value my education because it means that we will be able to move out after graduation. You as my teacher, will value my education because it proves that your education was good and your life as a teacher is worthwhile. I value my education for the sake of getting knowledge. Everyone might have the same value and yet they will have different reasons for valuing it. The same is true of our political values. People might want a strong government because of the type of social order that they hold. The government maintains my personal and political social order. The government allows me to vote for people who have the same purposes as I do. Representatives who fall into my political social order are the ones who will get my vote as I get older. For instance - the issue of abortion. I am strongly against abortion for any reason at any time. When it comes time to vote for people to be a part of my state government, I am going to choose someone who believes that killing at any stage in life is immoral. This way, through elections, I will have the ability to participate in the government. I will have someone who protects individual rights, thus maintaining my social order, and keep the government holding the same ideas as me. The principle of our democratic government will allow me to express my individualism. My personal liberty will be established because the government protects our interacting values that we hold. Another value that we have is the idea of equality of opportunity. This fact is evident in the decision to have affirmative action used in places such as colleges, universities, and jobs. I believe 100% that affirmative action is good and justifiable. I will vote for someone who pushes for affirmative action in the state of Florida. My social order clearly shows that I want someone who favors post-secondary education, especially for minorities. Also, the idea of majority rule will be upheld in all of the elections that we hold. This way I can have free expression in my personal life, as well as in the political arena. Politicians and Social Order :: essays research papers A social order. A person’s beliefs and values that allow them to make the choices that to have the type of government they want. My social order- one of an African-American, 17-year-old, low middle-class female- will differ widely from my mother’s, or Shemair’s, or even your social order. For instance, I strongly value education. So does my mother, Shemair, and I am sure you do, too. My mother might value my education because it will help her later on in life. Shemair might value my education because it means that we will be able to move out after graduation. You as my teacher, will value my education because it proves that your education was good and your life as a teacher is worthwhile. I value my education for the sake of getting knowledge. Everyone might have the same value and yet they will have different reasons for valuing it. The same is true of our political values. People might want a strong government because of the type of social order that they hold. The government maintains my personal and political social order. The government allows me to vote for people who have the same purposes as I do. Representatives who fall into my political social order are the ones who will get my vote as I get older. For instance - the issue of abortion. I am strongly against abortion for any reason at any time. When it comes time to vote for people to be a part of my state government, I am going to choose someone who believes that killing at any stage in life is immoral. This way, through elections, I will have the ability to participate in the government. I will have someone who protects individual rights, thus maintaining my social order, and keep the government holding the same ideas as me. The principle of our democratic government will allow me to express my individualism. My personal liberty will be established because the government protects our interacting values that we hold. Another value that we have is the idea of equality of opportunity. This fact is evident in the decision to have affirmative action used in places such as colleges, universities, and jobs. I believe 100% that affirmative action is good and justifiable. I will vote for someone who pushes for affirmative action in the state of Florida. My social order clearly shows that I want someone who favors post-secondary education, especially for minorities. Also, the idea of majority rule will be upheld in all of the elections that we hold. This way I can have free expression in my personal life, as well as in the political arena.

Library Management System Essay

Technologies are important and helpful in everyone’s life. Schools set the various pedagogical changes to achieve the current level of education in other countries. Because of the growing numbers of computer users, this became an effective medium to demonstrate the knowledge and skills of the students. From the traditional searching process for the books in the libraries, the interactive usage of computers can be now addressed as part of the library system. Now, with the advent of such modernization in education, one way to globalize the process of research is to realize that technology is advancing at an incredibly fast pace. Technology has a systematic and organized way of keeping data records, computing numbers, accomplishing a lot of transactions and reports. A system library management system is made to have fast process transactions for searching book titles, borrowing books, returning books, computing penalties and generating an accurate report. In addition, Library is an important part of the academic sector as well as some professional sectors too like, Advocacy etc. The efficiency of a library lies in the fact how it is arranged and how easily one can get the books of their choice. Generally, what we see nowadays is the manual library management system whose process of operation is very much hectic. Library is a place in which we get information in any format and from many sources. This involves the utilization for processing, accessing and retrieving the information that can effectively support the process of student’s learning, decision- making and scholastically approaches. Because of the organized approach and systematic management of the information, the accessibility and retrieval in the library can be easy. Traditionally, library management systems are implemented manually. Forms are given to librarian and they fill them of using pens. Afterwards, the school administrators process them manually and complied on large bulky file cabinet. Indeed, the manual library system is very costly, time consuming and tedious. The primary complaint of school administrators with this system is the tiresome task of searching through records just to verify your query data. The fast phased of technology attributed a lot to the improvement of the library management system. Technology enables software developers to computerize to computerize the library system. Hence, Here in Lyceum of Alabang, the newly build library of Basic Education (exclusively for k12 lyceans) provides several of books to the students to convey information especially in their research, paper works, assignments and projects. Thus, the institution aim to supply the necessary materials to their students, the idea of library management system is introduces. A. Background of the Study Nowadays most system like library system faces some problems such as flexibility, usability and accessibility. As the times goes by, some programmers discovered a solution to aide the said problems on past. And to develop more features that can be help to the system to make it more easy to use. Lyceum of Alabang, exclusively in Basic Education Library Management System aimed to enhance the procedures of the library, manually operated to a computerized system. This proposal’s purpose was to ease the transaction in the library, i.e., lending of books, storing of books, search books and secure library system. The librarian and the library user still use the manual way of transacting of borrowing and returning of books. The librarian use log books in listing the books. They use library cards and card catalogues in searching for reading and reference materials. In order to sustain the needs of the system the developer on this system always updates and check if there are malfunctions or technical errors of the system. Before the researcher came up on this system they planned first before executing and developing this system, the researcher’s gathered information through survey if the management or students would really need this system. In addition, system structures required to achieve such design are clarified. After checking requirement specification included in the basic plan, the overview of the project is represented by the use of diagrams so that the processing and flows of data can be easily understood. B. Objectives of the Study The objective of the study was to develop a computerized system that will store the record of the students such as basic information, books record, list of borrower’s, returned books, borrowed books and prescription of the librarian. This specify following objectives of the system: a. To provide the administrator an effective way on storing and encoding all the necessary information needed from a student before letting them borrow a book. b. To design and create system that will lessen the time and effort of the administrator in their transaction. c. To quickly search the about a certain book that are still out and needed by the student who also wants to borrow a book from the library. d. To implement a modernize way of resolving inventory issues in the library. C. Scope and Limitation Important features such as the administrator would be able to get the information of the students who borrowed the books and also the inventory of books for availability purposes and monitoring of book volumes other features offers the security of the books in were the admin could easily verify if the books are return or not. User information subsystem (Collect User information from user and will save in the database) borrow a book subsystem (determine if the book is meant to be checked out) Inventory a book subsystem (Get book from user, set book/items status to â€Å"available†) Notify user book is overdue subsystem (Check if all books are accounted, issue overdue notice, look up users information). Library Management System can’t produce outputs of the data reports, can be viewed and use only by one user which is the administrator, transaction process with regards of over due of borrowing books are still in the issue of not accurately provide the exact amount of payment that the student must pay as a punishment of not returning the borrowed books on time And cannot provide the list of books that are stored inside the library system. D. Significance of the study The researchers aim to develop the manual process into computerize library system in basic education. It helps the management a lot when it comes for checking inventory of several books and to make their work more easily and conveniently. And by the use of this system the management can easily checked the books that are loaned, borrowed and identify the books which are reserved. To make it easy to search any record, to keep the data secured, to edit the records and update the database easily, to make the backup easily, to minimize the duplication of data and to make the system user friendly which more easy to use and the operator will feel no difficulty. Chapter 2 Research Methodology This chapter starts on the discussion about the project research design methodology. The second part presents the development of the system. The third part tells the operation, process and testing. The last parts discuss the evaluation procedure. Project Development The system Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a conceptual model used in project management that describes the stages involved in an information system development project from an initial feasibility study through maintenance of the completed application. Various SDLC methodologies have been developed to guide the processes involved including the waterfall model.(the original SDLC method ) rapid application development (RAD) joint application development (JAD) the fountain model and the spiral model. Mostly, several models are combined into some sort of hybrid methodology. Documentation is crucial regardless of the type of model chosen or devised for process. Some methods work better for specific types of projects, but in the final analysis, the most important factor for the success of a project may be how closely particular plan was followed. Project Design Planning In planning, the researchers conducted an interview to the client to gather some information about on how the librarians manage the books, borrowed books. Returned books, all record of the student. It is observed that the librarian writes the records manually of every student who borrowed or returned the Books. The student uses the form given by the librarian. Analysis Base on the proposed Computerized Library System is designed purely from the user’s viewpoint considering the constraints of hardware (such as computers). In addition, system structures required to achieve such design are clarified. After checking requirement specification included in the basic plan, the overview of the project is represented by the use of diagrams so that the processing and flows of data can be easily understood. Designing The software design specifically targeted to librarian of the researchers used a user friendly design to attract the user to use the new automated system. Here the system was the system designed purely from the user’s viewpoint without considering the constraints of hardware (such as computers). In addition, system structures required to achieve such design are clarified. After checking the requirement specification included in the planning, the overview of the system represented by the use of diagrams so that the processed of data can be easily understood. Based on the representation, the division into sub system and input output designing was performed. The entire project was divided into a number of modules on a functional basis, and each module was further divided into smaller units. The designing of the code, such as the determination of a coding system, was conducted. In addition, relationships between the data were analyzed. Software Development Coding In the development of the system, the researcher’s made used of Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 for encoding source code of the system, in order to be accurate and fast acquisition of data/information. Testing The researcher’s installs the new System. The researchers encountered problems while processing it for the first time but after several weeks the system has been successful and introduced it to the respondents. Operating The researcher’s were responsible for conducting an operation test. The researcher’s conducted a test under the actual operation conditions, and verified that the system satisfies the required specification. Because this test was intended to have a developed system accepted by the user, it was called an approval test or an acceptance test. The researcher’s conducted an operation test by running a program on a machine being used for actual operations. Maintenance The researchers conducted maintenance in software to correct faults, to maintain performance or other attributes. The researchers common perception of maintenance merely involves fixing detect. The researcher’s maintenance management system allows segment chiefs to plan maintenance work on fixed assets, such as equipment, machinery and property. The researcher’s came up with this library management system to provide easier, faster and effective way on monitoring the transaction of borrowed books and books that are being returned by the borrowers. This system offers the best way to check the quantity, availability and the full information about the books that are stored on the library system database. This system provides the best way to solve the quantity redundancy of books available on the library storage. In order to sustain the needs of the students in basic education the researcher’s propose this system to lessen the burdens of the management as well as the students. Based on Observation Observation is either an activity of a living being, such as a human, consisting of receiving knowledge of the outside world through the senses, or the recording of data using scientific instruments. The term may also refer to any data collected during this activity. As the researcher’s observed about the manual process it take a long time to borrow a book(s) or return a book(s) and its very hard to the management to check or inventory the books. Survey Data collection tool used to gather information about individuals. Surveys are commonly used in research to collect self-report data from study participants. A survey may focus on factual information about individuals, or it might aim the collect the opinions of the survey takers. The researcher’s gathered information from the students as well as the librarian and they’re in favor of having computerize library system. Interview An interview is a conversation between two or more people where questions are asked by the interviewer to elicit facts or statements from the interviewee. The Researcher’s interviewed the management and the students about the transaction of the books in the library they both agreed about the system because of the slow process of transaction. According to Ms. Aurora, the librarian she suffered on checking inventory of the books and determined the author in each books. Sometime she encountered of misplacing the logbook and she don’t know what to do. And she finally thankful to the researcher’s of having computerizing system. In this figure it shows the slow process of the borrowing book(s), after the borrower will get the book they will need to wait until the administrator will finalize and release the book(s). The only problem of this manual process when there are more students or faculty that will borrowed a book and there is only one administrator. They need to wait the books for a long time just because of this process. Registration by the use of library card, the students of faculty will just register once when they borrowed or returned a book. B. Proposed System Structure Library Management System is a computerize system proposed by the researchers to access quickly the records and updates. The data will be much secure from any unauthorized access. It will be made secure by using passwords and by taking other security measures. Records will be easily edited and the database will easily be updated at the time of entering a record. The Library Management System is designed for managing various activities of â€Å"Lyceum of Alabang exclusively in Basic Education†. Since library has a very large number of books and a large number of members, it is very hard for librarian to manage day to day activities manually. It keep track like categorizing of books, books that are requested by the students, books that are issued to students, details of students who borrowed the books. The system allows the administrator to interact within the system managing student’s record (adding student records, deleting records and modifying records of the students), organizing book details (add book details, delete book details and modify book details). While the students and faculty allows only searching a book(s) without registration. The librarian will get the information of the borrower when they loaned out the book(s), they need to fill up the requirements in order continue the process of the system. In this figure it illustrates how the management system works. First the Librarian must log in to enter the system, the librarian also tasked to update the books by deleting or adding books, Monitoring borrowed and returned books, Issued books for the students or faculty and data report for checking the inventory. Figure 1.3 Library Management System Use case process This figure illustrates how the system interacts between the administrator and users. This clearly shows how the users managed to remove or delete accounts and also how users add new account on this management system. This figure explains the librarian’s access to different data reports including list of all books returned and borrowed, also copies of different books available inside the library system. Figure 1.4 Library Management System VTOC In this figure 1.4 it show the librarian interacting within the system by searching, borrowing and returning books. The librarian liable of updating books, monitoring books, Issued books for students and making data Report. Flow Chart Figure 1.5 Library Management System Process In this figure it illustrates the Library Management System Process by inputting username and password of the librarian for security if the librarian didn’t match the password it back to the log in form and if the librarian matches the password that can be found in data base it will automatically appear the home page. The librarian can now update, monitor the borrow books, return books and due books. And can view the books available as well as the student’s borrowers. Sample Form about the Library Management System Figure 1.0 Books Information In this figure 1.0 the books information show the contents of book number, title, Author, publisher, copyright, ISBN, no. of copy, volume, edition and type. In this form the administrator allow to save new books on the data base to maintain the updates of the system. Figure 1.0 Borrower’s Information In this form it show the borrowers information it has ID Number, first name, middle name, last name and address. It allows the administrator to put the information of the borrowers of the book. And by using the old borrower’s radio button it will allow the administrator to search by inputting the ID number which is the student number of the students. Figure 1.0 Borrowing Book(s) In this figure 1.0 the Borrowing book(s) can be located at the transaction area. By inputting on the searching string it will search on the data base where the books are stored. In this form also included the list of borrowed books and list of unreturned books. After pressing the search button, all the books that are related to the book(s) that you’re seeking it will appear on the list box. Figure 1.0 List of Book(s) This section is were you can view and check the records of the books available on this library computer system and it also gives the administrator the option whether to print the records of the remaining copies of the books or not. Figure 1.0 List of Borrowers In this section the system provides the administrator the power to view and check the list of students who borrowed from the library and gives the option to whether print the names of the borrowers or not. Figure 1.0 List of return and unreturned books In this area it shows to functions of the library system the one on the left pane is the area in were you can view and check the list of unreturned books and to on the other side is the area in were you can input the number id and the system will automatically shows the information about who borrowed the books and the whole information of the books including the titles and authors. Chapter 5 Summary and Recommendation In this chapter explains the summary of the findings from the evaluation of the system and recommendation future enhancement of the system. The last part of this chapter, however, discusses the possible recommendations for the system such as platform of software development or adding feature into the system. Summary The developed system is largely attributed to the concept of RDBMS (Relational Database Management System) and MySQL (Standard Query Language) database Programming. An open source RDBMS which provides robust functionalities for managing information. The program was developed under the Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 which was found out to be more suitable when image processing and database programming is computerize system. Library management system is designed & developed for a receipt and issuance of books in the library along with the student’s details. This project gives complete information about the library. We can enter the record of new books and retrieve the details of books available in the library. We can issue the books to the students and maintain their records and can also check how many books are issued and stock available in the library. In this project we can maintain the late fine of students who returns the issued books after the due date. The software design specifically targeted to librarian of the researchers used a user friendly design to attract the user to use the new automated system. Here the system was the system designed purely from the user’s viewpoint without considering the constraints of hardware. Recommendation Base on the summary of result, the proponents suggested the following modification of the system for the best performance and improve its efficiency and functionality. a. The system must be automated so that it is quicker than this computerized system. b. RFID bar code must be applicable to enhance more the system. c. Integrate proximity card and detectors to monitor the number of library users either borrowing books or those who are doing other things inside the library. d. Apply encryption algorithm into the records before saving it into the database. e. Providing fines to each borrower’s base on the due dates f. Must be on LAN connection.

Bilingualism in Children

Bilingualism can be viewed in two different ways. One way of viewing bilingualism is that it is a commendable trait for a person to have, that is alongside the thinking that it is a mark of high intellect. Another way of viewing bilingualism is that it is a negative upshot of Globalism, that it is a degradation of culture. It is undeniable that bilingualism is a prevalent topic in today’s society. Some even consider it as an essential trait for survival in the context of the modern world.This notion of bilingualism is especially prevalent in the US, where immigrants should adopt a second language to be competitive in terms of employment. That is why children from immigrant families are advised by their parents to learn a second language early as early as possible. The problem bilingualism arises when parents fail to consider that children are still in the stage of mastering their first language. Acquiring two language simultaneously is would be difficult for anyone regardless of age. It is a common notion that the children would eventually learn the second language.That is alongside the thinking that, as the children are exposed more to the society speaking the second language, the children would naturally the language. Although, it is observable that children from immigrant families gradually become more and more comfortable with second language through time. But it is also observable that the process that the children have to go through is not an easy one. The difficulty of children’s acquisition of a second language is expressed by Eva Hoffman in her book â€Å"Lost in Translation.† She had thrown in a very helpful query for this discussion: â€Å"†¦how does an individual bend toward another culture without stumbling over? † (Hoffman 209) Hoffman’s semi-autobiographical book is about her struggle to acquire a second language when family had migrated from Poland to Vancouver. The bulk of the book is about her lost of he r sense of place and belonging in her new society. But the fact that the acquisition of the second language would come as natural would not necessarily mean that the children would not be subjected to the consequences of being bilingual.Another book that would be helpful to the discussion at hand is Natasha Lvovich’s â€Å"The Multilingual Self: An inquiry to language learning. † In contrast to Hoffman’s work, Lvovich’s book had taken a more attention-grabbing approach. Lvovich’s work is about the struggles that her daughter had to face when they had moved to America. Although there are some minor differences between the two books, they are both talking the same topic of language acquisition. Both of the books had depicted how a child is subjected to consequences of being bilingual.A common consequence of bilingualism as Lvovich had depicted through the story of her daughter â€Å"†¦she is going through a very difficult period of adjustment a s a teenager growing into adulthood† (Lvovich 101) There was even a point in the book that Lvovich’s daughter became reluctant to speak their first language. Hoffman argued that a reluctance to speak the first language would result to the atrophy of the mother language of the child (Hoffman 98) ConclusionFor children of immigrant families to succeed in being multilingual, their parents should first do careful planning and learning about the nature of language acquisition. The parents should always keep in mind that childhood is already full of challenges as is. They should be aware of the consequence of being bilingual and they should also have at least an idea of how to counter them. Works Cited Hoffman, Eva. (1990). Lost in Translation: A Life in a New Language. NY: Penguin Lvovich, N. (1997). The Multilingual Self: An inquiry into language learning. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Bilingualism in Children Bilingualism is the production and/or comprehension of two languages by the same individual (Cummins, 1981). Many children of varying nationality, acquire this ability of learning two languages through cultural maintenance and educational enrichment. Furthermore, the media continuously bombards children of stimulation of the other language (Cummins, 1981). Cummins (1981) stated that there is a strong tendency among children of replacing the first language with the other. A series of tests were made by Feldman and Shen (1969) about some language-related cognitive advantages of bilingual five year olds.Three tasks for children were made accordingly to gather information. These tasks of increasing difficulty were (1) object constancy, (2) naming and (3) using labels in sentences, respectively . In object constancy, children were primarily shown with objects such as cups, plates, sponge, match and suction cup soap holder. These objects were later physically transformed in front of them. Crushing the cups, burning the match and painting the plates were some examples of transformation. Transformed objects are placed beside an identical pre-transformed objects.Afterwards, the children were asked to identify which among the two was primarily shown. Naming, on the other hand, purposely tests the child's ability to use verbal labels to name familiar objects. The experimenter tried to confuse the children by switching the names of the familiar object and designating nonsensical names to objects. For example, calling an airplane as â€Å"car† and relabeling the cup as â€Å"wug†. The children were asked which among the objects was really an airplane. They were also asked which one was called a â€Å"wug† and then they were asked what it really was.In the third experiment, the child was requested to show his ability of using three sorts of labels in simple relational sentences such as â€Å" The cup is on the plate. † These labels, as discussed i n naming, were common names, switched common names and nonsense names. The principle for using simple relational sentences was that referential word meaning is the simplest sort of meaning. Words like â€Å"cup†, â€Å"plate† and even the part of the predicate â€Å"on† can all be thought of as referring to things. Results showed that bilinguals perform significantly better in the said three tasks than monolinguals do (Feldman & Shen, 1969).Moreover, bilinguals' advantage over monolinguals was more apparent in comprehension than production measures. These means they execute better where nonverbal pointing responses were required. In addition, functions related to labeling would be more advanced by having two languages. Research by Bialystok (2004), on the other hand, has shown that bilingual children develop control processes more readily than monolinguals do. They respond more rapidly to conditions that placed greater demands on working memory and carry out con trolled processes more effectively (Bialystok, 2004).On the other hand, Macnamara (1966) argued some studies have reported negative effects of bilingualism (as cited in Bialystok, 2004). In Feldman & Shen's (1969) experiment, it was found out that monolinguals do better in the use of either common names alone or nonsense names alone. Furthermore, Fishman (1967) added that disadvantages commonly associated with bilingualism would not appear in bilinguals whose languages were situation specific (as cited in Feldman & Shen, 1969). It was an accepted notion that bilinguals had deficits compared with monolingual peers.Nonetheless, studies show significant cognitive advantages of children with bilingual capacities. These advantages were dominant in comprehending rather than performing verbal actions. Other research pointed out bilingual advantages in the areas of creativity, problem solving and perceptual disembedding (Bialystok, 2004). These advantages of bilinguals can be uniquely attri buted to an early development in association and labeling skills (Feldman & Shen, 1969). Bibliography: Bialystok, E. , Craik, F. I. M. , Klein, R. & Viswanathan, M. (2004) Bilingualism, Aging, and Cognitive Control: Evidence From the Simon Task.Psychology and Aging, 19 (2), 290-303. Feldman, C. & Shen, M. Some Language-Related Cognitive Advantages of Bilingual Five Year Olds. Retrieved from http://eric. ed. gov/ERICWebPortal/custom /portlets/recordDetails/detailmini. jsp_nfpb=true&_&ERICExt Search_SearchValue_0=ED031307&ERICExtSearch _SearchType_0=no&accno=ED031307 Cummins, J. Bilingualism and Minority-Language Children. Retrieved from http://eric. ed. gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini. jsp_ nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED215 557&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED215557

Arranged vs Love Marriages in India

Arrange Marriages vs. Love Marriages Survey by NDTV NDTV commissioned Ipsos, a leading market research agency, to conduct fieldwork for this opinion poll from a sample size of almost 30,000, covering as many as 125 out of the 543 Lok Sabha seats in the 18 big states. The poll was carried out in 125 constituencies spread over 18 states (these account for over 20% of the 543 Lok Sabha seats). Each Lok Sabha constituency was selected using a statistical formula based on voting patterns of 2009 Lok Sabha Elections.In each Lok Sabha constituency, two to three assembly segments were selected at random where approximately 100 interviews were conducted in homes. For the voting intention question, the respondents were given a mock ballot paper on which the symbols of the parties were set out. They were asked to mark their preference on the ballot paper and then place the ballot paper in a mock ballot box. Source: http://www. ndtv. com/article/india/ndtv-mid-term-poll-does-india-still-want-arr anged-marriages-260295 Survey by Shaadi. com In May, 2011, India’s largest Matrimonial website, â€Å"Shaadi. om†, published the results of a huge marriage based survey that they conducted with research agency IMRB. The Indian marriage survey was based on the opinions of around 150,000 users of the site in 300 Indian cities and towns. Site users, especially NRIs, from UK, US, Australia and Canada were also surveyed. 62% of the respondents were male, of these, over 50% were in the 26-35 age group. In the words of the website, the objective of this large survey was to â€Å"try and understand the psyche of an average marriage hopeful and the way matchmaking trends are changing and evolving†.Listed below are some of the key findings of the Indian marriage survey (â€Å"Shaadi Aaj Kal†). Note that since this is a survey of internet users, the respondents tend to be more tech savvy, better educated, and more urban centric than the average Indian. 1. A large nu mber of women (54%) prefer to stay in a â€Å"joint family† after marriage as against only â€Å"21%† who prefer to stay in a nuclear family. A joint family provides a support system for the married couple. Surprisingly, in a similar survey in 2004, only 40% of the women wanted to stay in a â€Å"joint family†. 2.Almost 50% of the respondents said that they would marry their partner even if they did not get along with their future in-laws. 3. 85% of the male respondents wanted their future wives to work after marriage. Since the respondents are mainly urban centric, this is not surprising; although a high figure of 85% is refreshing. 4. 69% of the women want their partner to be better educated than them, whereas only 10% of the men wanted their potential wives to be better educated than them. This does not mean the Indian male is entirely chauvinistic; 62% of the men would prefer their future wives to be as educated as them. 3% of women and 40% of men would pref er their future partner to be a postgraduate. 5. 34% of the women respondent did not mind marrying a partner who made less than them. The percentage for men was 94%. 6. 72% men prefer to marry a girl who is younger than them. 89% of women prefer to marry a man who is older than her. 7. Men (62%) prefer larger families as compared to women (38%). 70% of the women felt that raising a child is time consuming and 58% also thought that raising a child is a serious commitment. 8. Which celebrity would make the ideal father?Surprisingly, almost 40% of the respondents felt that Salman Khan, the die-hard bachelor, would make the ideal father. At second place is the other bachelor icon, Rahul Gandhi. 9. 47% married couples in India discussed their past relationship before marriage. This trend was more prevalent in East India. Bulk of these couples (66%) wanted to reveal their past relationships because they did not want it to affect their future 10. 49% of the men wanted a â€Å"fair complex ioned† bride. This is up from 41% in the 2004 survey.Women, on the other hand, are more accepting of dark skinned men, with 65% saying that the color of their husband’s skin is not important. 11. For young urban Indians caste is not as important as it used to be. 54% men and 46% of the women said caste was not an important parameter in their selection criteria. for them, finding a compatible partner is more important than finding a partner from the same caste. 12. 69% of women would prefer it if their partner worked for a private sector organization. 13. A large majority of women (90%) were willing to relocate to another country if their husband’s job required them o relocate. 14. Couples are become pragmatic about marriage. 70% of the women and 62% of the men were comfortable with the idea of pre-nuptial agreements. Census data for Indian Marriages: http://censusindia. gov. in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Age_at_marriage. htm Survey by ZEE NEWS T he survey of women in the age group of 20-30 carried out in various cities, including the four metros, by leading matrimony portal Bharatmatrimony, also revealed that 59% of the respondents consider parent's decision the most important priority in finalising marriage.Only 20% of the respondents felt that profession was the most important aspect in finalising their life partner while ten% said caste was the most important priority and 11% said family nuclear or joint family – was the most preferred. About 49% preferred arranged marriage while 33 per cent ‘arranged love marriage' and a meagre 18% of the respondents favoured ‘love' marriage. The survey titled â€Å"Woman and Marriage† was conducted by ahead of the Women's Day and 1,058 respondents were covered in Chennai, Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Pune, Madurai, Mysore, Tiruchirappalli, Coimbatore and Jaipur, a release said here today.On the right age for a woman to get married, about 71 pe r cent said 21-24 was the ideal age for marriage. Interestingly, the survey said that about 93% of women were interested to study or work after marriage. The survey also said that about 55% women prefer to search life partners through contacts via friends and relatives. Source: http://mm. bharatmatrimony. com/featured-story/527-bharatmatrimony-exclusive-parents-day-survey Survey by Bharat Matrinomy Young Indians believe their parents wouldn’t mind taking a backseat when it comes to their marriage decisions! 66% of Indian parents believe that their children will not tie the knot with a partner not ‘blessed' by them.  ·83% believe that online matrimony gives them more choices and selection in partner search.  ·Amitabh Bachchan & Jaya Bachchan were the most famous Bollywood couple in India, followed by Kajol & Ajay Devgan. The winds of change are indeed sweeping the institution of matrimony in India. Parents as well as unmarried men and women are being influenced by th ese changes, a comprehensive Parents Day online survey involving more than 15400 members of BharatMatrimony has revealed.The findings of the survey conducted by BharatMatrimony to commemorate Parents Day on July 24th this year and released to the media today offered interesting insights, trends and rare nuggets of information about how the youth regard marriages and the role of parents with respect to important marital decisions. When asked whether the views of Indian parents are changing today, 67% of the unmarried respondents said yes and only 13% disagreed while the remaining said neither yes nor no. Yet another change in attitudes was the growing trust in online matrimony.Nearly 83% believed that online matrimony gave them more choices and selection when it came to partner search. Nearly 67% also believed that online matrimony empowered women to make their own choices in marriages. In fact, 47% also felt that marriages arranged through matrimony websites had the same success rat e as traditional arranged marriages. Mr Murugavel Janakiraman, Founder-CEO, BharatMatrimony, commented: â€Å"While the surveys have revealed useful nuggets of information and insights into marriages and its changing facets, people in India continue to see marriage as a sacred bonding where parents have a very special role to play.It is best performed with the blessings of parents, an overwhelming majority feel. However, the survey also proved that more and more unmarried people along with their parents believed in the convenience and wide selection of partners provided by Online matrimony. The new ways of thinking have not diluted the traditional respect and sanctity accorded to marriages in general. † Confirming the special bonding Indians have with their parents, an overwhelming 90% of the unmarried who took part in the survey believed in getting married with the blessings of their parents.About 57% also said that they would not go ahead and marry a person of their choice against the wishes of their parents. 20% however said that they would go ahead despite parental opposition. Nearly 35% said that their parents would be ok with any choice they made; 40% said that their parents would be ok if it was within their religion; only 17 % said that their parents would insist on finding a match for them. Interestingly, 59% thought that a marriage arranged by the parents was better because of their experience.Nearly 76% of the parents who took part in the survey believed that their children would get married only with their blessings. 66% of the parents felt that marriages arranged by them would prove more successful as they had more experience! Again, a similar percentage of parents believed that their children would not disregard their advice and tie the knot with someone they didn't approve of. About 16% of the parents believed that they wouldn't be able to influence marriage decisions! When asked, ‘what do you think are your views on marriage? 20% o f the parents said that they would be ok with any choice made by their children; 23 per cent were also ok with the idea if the partner belonged to the same religion. However 23% insisted that important decisions like this were better left to them. 33% preferred to play a supporting role only, whatever be the decision. At the same time, 76% of the parents who took part in the survey believed that in general the views of Indian parents on marriages of their children were changing. Source: http://mm. bharatmatrimony. com/featured-story/527-bharatmatrimony-exclusive-parents-day-survey

Importance of Time in Chinese Culture Essay

The importance of time is always dependent on the different perspectives of people’s origin, particularly culture. â€Å"Time is one of the most important bases by which culture rests and all other activities revolve† (Riggs et al 31). Different cultures handle time differently. In the past, time was measured in daylight, darkness, or in seasons; however, nowadays, time has become more important and more complicated. Yet, no matter how complicated it has become, it always boils down to the influence of culture, just like China, one of the countries with a very rich culture. The impact of modernization in China on the changes of Chinese’ behavior is significant. However, these changes in their behavior have had a more significant impact on their values. Indeed, Chinese seem to have never given up one of their most important cultural characteristics, Guanxi, which up until now, remains as an important Chinese business element. In the advent of globalization, Chinese has kept and reinforced this unique characteristic even in the most important socio-cultural changes. Yes, China has indeed undergone substantial cultural changes; nonetheless, with regards to the thinking and dealing process, modern China remains rooted to its traditional Yin Yang approach, and this is reflected on their shrewd use of time to keep their relationship intact. Because Chinese people value relationship more than anything else, as they believe that this could lead them to success, it is logical to expect that the Chinese society concentrates on fluid/multi-focus time value. Chinese people are both famous and infamous in different negotiations for their wise use of time as their bargaining tool. Chinese are known to have adept ability to run down the clock because they prioritize their relationships with their associates or business partners first. This way, they know that the value of relationship or guanxi continues. Moreover, Chinese can afford or stand to play the waiting game, provided that there is always someone left to invest and spend for them. Cultures around the world have developed their own way of responding to time. The dimension for time orientation is based on two aspects; the relative significance the culture gives to its past, present, and future, and its way of approaching the time. China has indeed embraced globalization since the last three decades. Despite this, its stronghold to its culture is still very evident. This is because China is considered as a past-oriented culture country. Countries that fall under this category have a culture that is largely leaned towards the past; they see their future as a repetition of their past experiences. Moreover, they have high respect and regard for their collective historical experiences and their ancestors. As per David Thomas’ description of the country, China embraces its tradition and culture of ancestor worship and has strong pride of its customary and cultural persistence for over thousands of years (73). The Chinese society holds the perspective that their past is their guide on how to live their lives in the present. According to an old Chinese proverb, â€Å"Consider the past and you will know the present† (Quotations). Work Cited Riggs, James, et al. Industrial Organization and Management. Manila, Philippines: McGraw-Hill, Inc. , 1980. Lo, Vincent. Chinese Business Culture: Guanxi, An Important Chinese Business Element. 17 March 2005. 01 May 2009 Thomas, David. Cross-Cultural Management: Essential Concepts Second Ed. California: Sage Publications. 2008. Quotations. 14 February 2008. 01 May 2009.